Marketing Mix Of Acc Cement – ACC marketing mix

ACC Limited was earlier known with the name of The Associated Cement Companies Limited. ACC Cement is the largest manufacturer of cement in India and its subcontinent. The brand empowers the most ambitious civil projects in India, Bangladesh and other southern countries of Asia.  The registered office of ACC Cement is located in Mumbai and is popular with the name of Cement House.

Around ten cement companies came together in 1936 to form the Association of Cement Companies but over the time things changed, businesses expanded and ACC became an independent enterprise. ACC Cement is listed on Indian Share Market and has a prominent role in driving it.

Cement makes up the most work done by ACC Cement; they started as a unit of cement makers but for some time now, they are doing it on their own.

Table of Contents

1 Product in the Marketing mix of ACC Cement
2 Place in Marketing Mix of ACC Cement
3 Price in the Marketing mix of ACC Cement
4 Promotions in the Marketing mix of ACC Cement

Product in the Marketing mix of ACC Cement

ACC Cement is playing a vital role in India’s Infrastructure development. In regular collaboration with Government and other Private parties, it has contributed a lot to enormous and important projects in past decades. The enterprise mainly provides the world with quality cement.

They have recently introduced a few varieties in cements and all of them have been doing well in the market. ACC Cement is one of those enterprises with impressive share market holdings. They have aced the art of impressing investors by leveraging the world with the quality cement.

Different types of products in ACC are

Portland cements
Blended cements
Ready mix concrete

Place in Marketing Mix of ACC Cement

Since the time ACC was an association, they have established bases in almost every corner of the country today when it functions individually; it still tries to distribute the world load equally among states and manufacturing units. The impressive establishment and the quality production have helped ACC Cement be an incredible part of ambitious projects in the country.

Jamul, Kymore, Sindri, Vizag, Wadi, New Wadi Plants are some of the most popular production units of ACC Cement in India. A huge chunk of Cement ACC supplies comes from these establishments.

ACC reaches out to customers directly through outlets and by franchisee methods. The online presence of the enterprise has increased in recent past and now people can order cements online as well. The enterprise aims to be easily accessible by one and all hence they are making themselves available on almost every front.

The major sale of ACC happens directly to builders and real estate companies. Here they face stiff competition from Ambuja and Ultratech cement. However, ACC as a brand is also very strong, and hence there is a huge pull for the brand in the market. The company also works through the traditional distribution channel which has distributors, dealers and retailers.

Price in the Marketing mix of ACC Cement

Pricing and packaging are two integral part of ACC’s huge success. The enterprise always had proper understanding of the Indian market hence they were able to decide better. The enterprise supplies products to all small-scale as well as large-scale projects hence they have quite a competitive price along with flexible packaging options.

Because of the packed cement sector, and the upcoming new cement brands in the market, ACC cannot afford any pricing methodology other then competitive pricing. None of the cement brands can afford any other pricing type.

A pack of cement varies somewhere between 280 INR to 350 INR. There are varied packaging sizes, which are designed to fit everyone’s need, especially the large cement bags which are most sold to dealers and distributors. The enterprise has been quite attentive towards customer feedback, which is very much conspicuous in form of improvements.

Promotions in the Marketing mix of ACC Cement

ACC was once a unit of multiple cement companies hence required no advertisement. People trusted ACC in the start because it had partners like Tata; over the time, even though it is not a combination of companies, people have continued to trust the enterprise because of the promise that the brand has maintained.

Word of Mouth has been an important promotional factor for ACC in recent past but the TV campaign and Radio ads are indispensable.

ACC has that very powerful TV Ad, where the slogans CEMENTING RELATIONSHIPS attracts eyes and makes people trust the brand. The impressive display of creativity and the qualitative approach of serving customers have helped this enterprise keep it floating.

Another TV Campaign where slogan ‘Cement Se Badhkar’ is used has helped people trust the brand more than ever. However, on the promotions front, the two brands which are overshadowing ACC currently are Ambuja and Ultratech. And ACC is yet to show case its brand power via ATL media or even via BTL. In fact, the product quality of ACC overshadows all other factors. Yet if it wants to move forward, the company needs to invest in promotions also.

Marketing mix of Sprite – Sprite Marketing mix

Sprite is known as the smartest of all aerated drinks, simply because that’s what it communications represents. 7 Up, which is the main competitor of sprite, is a really cool dude. On the other hand, Sprite is someone sarcastic and clever, who always gets away with his tricks.

Being from the portfolio of Coca Cola, Sprite has earned a name for itself across the world as it has far and wide distribution. Here is the Marketing mix of Sprite including the 4 P’s.

Table of Contents

1 Product in the Marketing mix of Sprite
2 Place in the marketing mix of Sprite
3 Price in the Marketing mix of Sprite
4 Promotions in the Marketing mix of Sprite

Product in the Marketing mix of Sprite

Sprite is a colorless, clear, lime flavored, non caffeinated cold drink. It immediately differentiates itself from other cold drinks which are mostly colored.
Sprite is majorly marketed as a refreshing drink for its consumers. It uses the color green for its packaging which is the color of plants, trees or greenery. It relaxes the consumer and refreshes him.
Due to its clear color as well as nature of the drink (lime flavored), it is also used as an additive for several other drinks. Most commonly, many mocktails, cocktails or even hard drinks are served with sprite.
Sprite was first introduced as a “Clear lemon Fanta” in Germany in 1959, and in the US in 1961. Since that day Sprite has not looked back and has been a hit with most.
The intention of bringing Sprite as a product to the market was that Coca cola wanted to compete with 7 Up which was introduced by Dr Pepper Snapple group in US, and later on branded with Pepsi for the rest of the world.
Some of its variants are the main Sprite, Sprite zero, Sprite cranberry, Sprite Zero cranberry and the Sprite tropical mix.

Place in the marketing mix of Sprite

Being a popular drink especially due to its additive nature, Sprite is distributed far and wide. It was present in 190 countries as of 2015 and is the Worlds leading lime flavored drink.
Sprite is backed by Coca cola, which itself has a larger distribution network then Pepsi. Hence it is safe to say that Sprite has a larger distribution network then 7 Up.
Being an FMCG product, Sprite follows the same distribution channel as most FMCG companies. It moves from its production plant in germany, to its depot warehouses. It is the delivered to the various distributors of Sprite. From the distributors it goes to Retailers and then finally to consumers. Many modern retailers directly purchase from Sprite company, and in this case the material moves from Depot warehouse to the warehouse of modern retailer.
The place of distribution is varied and as it is a mass product, you will find its presence in all corners. It is sold through normal convenience stores, retail stores, modern retailers, hypermarkets, online. Any channel you think of, will have the presence of sprite.

Price in the Marketing mix of Sprite

Like any other cold drink Sprite also has a competitive price
The market is too narrow for any cold drink to try any other pricing other than competitive pricing.
Pepsi’s 7 UP being closely priced, they are always at loggerheads and the main differentiation is the distribution point between them.

Promotions in the Marketing mix of Sprite

Localized taglines – In India Sprite uses the tagline “Clear hai” or “Sprite bujhaye pyaas, baki sab bakwaas”. It uses other taglines in other companies
Packaging is pretty in green. Both 7 Up and Sprite have green packaging, targeted towards the freshness of lime, but when seen on a shelf, you will find Sprite having better looking packaging.
The brand always tries to differentiate itself showcasing itself as a funny and clever brand.
Uses ATL as well as BTL marketing prominently. In ATL, majorly television is used, whereas in BTL, sponsorships, point of purchase advertising, trade promotions as well as consumer discounts are used.
Here is an excellent reference to the history of Marketing of Sprite by Wikipedia. Sprite by Wikipedia.
This was the Marketing mix of Sprite. Read more to know the SWOT analysis of Sprite.

Marketing Mix IPL

IPL – The Indian premier league has taken the cricketing world by storm. It has also got its marketing mix spot on. Read on to discover the perfection in the marketing mix of Indian Premier League

Product in the Marketing mix of IPL

IPL stands for Indian Premier League. It is a Twenty20 tournament started by BCCI. It is the brainchild of Lalit Modi. It started in the year 2008 and comprises the players from all over the world. A perfect blend of cricket & entertainment. It’s providing a stage for many youngsters to show their performance & profitable too to Advertisers and broadcasting channels.

Price in the Marketing mix of IPL

As far as the IPL pricing structure is concern, The IPL is predicted to bring the BCCI income of approximately US$ 1.6 billion, over a period of five to ten years. All of these revenues are directed to a central pool, 40% of which will go to IPL itself, 54% to franchisees and 6% as prize money. The money will be distributed in these proportions until 2017, after which the share of IPL will be 50%, franchisees 45% and prize money 5%. The IPL signed up Kingfisher Airlines as the official umpire partner for the series in an Rs.106 Crore’s (1.06 billion) deal. This deal sees the Kingfisher Airlines brand on all umpires’ uniforms & also on the giant screens during third umpire decisions. Sony Entertainment Television signed a new contract with BCCI with Sony Entertainment Television paying a staggering Rs.8700 Crore’s (87 billion) for 10 years.

Place in the Marketing mix of IPL

The first season of the Indian Premier League commenced on 18 April 2008 in India, and ended on 1 June 2008 with the victory of the Rajasthan Royals against Chennai Super Kings in the final at the DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai.

As the second season of the IPL coincided with multi-phase 2009 Indian general elections, the Indian Central Government refused to provide the Indian paramilitary forces to provide security, saying the forces would be stretched too thinly if they were to safeguard both the IPL and the elections. As a result, the BCCI decided to host the second season of the league outside India. All 59 matches of the second season, abbreviated as IPL 2, took place in South Africa. Ironically, South Africa were also scheduled to have elections doing the IPL, however, the South African government provided adequate security for both the South African General Elections and the IPL.

Promotion in the Marketing mix of IPL

When Bollywood and cricket met, the result was IPL and it was truly entertaining to see one’s favorite cricketer as well the Bollywood star on the same platform. IPL was no doubt an entertaining one. Super stars like Shah Rukh, Preity, Akshay, Katrina, Hrithik had been a source which provided a lot of glam to IPL promotion.

To attract the cricket fans, even team-owners have started selling tickets personally. Preity Zinta, the co-owner of Kings XI Punjab and Australian pace man Brett Lee sold the tickets along with their autographs.

People in the Marketing mix of IPL

Indian Premier League is mostly targeted for the younger generation youth. As the generations are very busy with their day to day work with IPL they get entertainment along with cricket which helps them to enjoy every aspect of the game. People are very excited towards IPL as this is only one game that brings different players of different countries at one platform, for which they tend to get attracted to see their favorite player perform. Some of the audiences are also attracted to see their favorite celebrity cheering for the team.

Process in the Marketing mix of IPL

Indian Premier League as a whole is the biggest event of the year for which months of preparation are to be done. For instance organizing the respective 8 teams who are performing for the event and the most important of all is marketing the IPL as it has to reach the wide range of audience globally. An arrangement of stadium where this event is going to be held is also finalized well before. Finally and most important of all is execution of the Event.

Physical Evidence

Fun, Music, Entertainment & sports, where can you find that, answer for that is INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE. People wait for this season as they get everything in a joyful bundle. IPL is also the biggest platform for advertising and promoting different product or brands which is clearly viewable during the event.

Marketing mix of BSNL – BSNL marketing mix

BSNL is an Indian company that deals in the telecommunications industry. This corporation owned by the Indian Government and founded in the year 2000, has its base in New Delhi, the national capital. With the company securing more than 60% share, the brand BSNL has made a name for itself in the telecom market. The company has tried to maintain a competitive environment with equal opportunities in both rural sector and urban area.  Besides being an excellent provider of services to its consumers, it also provides opportunities for career advancement and training facilities to its employees. The companies that have been providing it a stiff competition are as follows

Nokia
Bharti Airtel
Idea
MTS
Aircel
Reliance Communications
Videocon
Vodafone

Table of Contents

1 Product in the Marketing mix of BSNL
2 Place in the Marketing mix of BSNL
3 Price in the Marketing mix of BSNL
4 Promotions in the Marketing mix of BSNL

Product in the Marketing mix of BSNL

BSNL provides various telecom services to its consumers and some of them are as follows-

DWDM and Optical Infrastructure – The OFC is the biggest network in India and the DWDM is the world’s biggest networks and both of them owned by BSNL.
Market Share – BSNL‘s standing as Indian Telecom operator is at number five, holding a minimum of 67% of share in the ADSL services.
Managed Network Services – To its Enterprise customers, the company is giving telecom services like the Leased Internet Lines, Leased Point-Point Lines and MPLS Connectivity.
Cellular Mobile Telephone Services – With nearly ninety six million people, BSNL owns 13.5% of the market share in mobile telephone industry providing mobile services with the help of GSM platform.
Universal Telecom Services – The Company owns a market share of 75 % in the fixed lines category providing fixed landline and wireless services with the help of CDMA technology. These are Tarang and bfone services respectively.
WLL-CDMA Telephone Services – Under this category, BSNL provides wireless services in mobile and fixed lines.
Internet – BSNL owns 55% of the market share providing services related to internet access through the dial-up-connection. It is also a provider of online games.
Intelligent network – Various Value-added services are provided by this company like free phones, prepaid card, private network, a number that has universal accessibility and ACC services.
3G – This service include video calling, live television, mobile broadband and video portal etc.
IPTV – This service includes watching television with the help of internet.
FTTH – The services include data transfer through higher bandwidth.
Helpdesk – It provides the necessary help to the customer.
VVoiP – BSNL will provide video and audio calls to an7y mobile, landline or IP phone anywhere in the globe subject to the required equipment at both ends.
WiMax – This includes the introduction of 4G Wireless Technologies through broadband access.
BSNL landline – It is the oldest service provided by the company where calls are from one connection to the other.

Place in the Marketing mix of BSNL

BSNL has the distinct advantage of being the country’s principal and the oldest provider of communication services. It has a wide and intricate network spread throughout the country. The only exceptions to the rule are the cities New Delhi and Mumbai.  In order to increase the service capacity and network coverage it has built a channel management team.  For easy accessibility, the company has divided in to various administrative units. There are twenty-four telecom circles, four specialized units, six project circles, four maintenance regions, three training institutions, five telecom factors and two metro districts. . BSNL has been able to develop the telecommunication services and facilities in faraway places like the tribal areas and the hilly remote regions

The company has established a network system for management and for surveillance throughout the country so that an efficient and uninterrupted telecom traffic flow could continue. It has network alliances with companies like Cisco and Ericson and IT alliances with company like Compaq and HP. BSNL has established nationwide call centers for providing solutions to the consumers

Price in the Marketing mix of BSNL

As the company BSNL is, State-Owned, it has provided services at affordable and low rates so that every section of the society could avail themselves of telecom-services. Value for pricing is the criteria of BSNL to fix its pricing policy. The policy depends on various factors. The usage charges in relation to tariff is a deciding factor for making pricing policies.  One of the other important factors is the cost incurred during the installation of the product and its services.

The type of services required also decides the rate charged as per conditions. The company has set up the normal and higher usage ranges. The callers whose calls cost even more than INR 5,000 come under the higher usage segment. In such cases, where usage is higher than normal, then discounts are provided to lure the customers and to lower their costs. Special timings are allotted for them when the calls cost marginally less. The revenues earned from this group of people are higher and hence the different pricing policy. BSNL also offers its consumers lifetime cards and this policy helps in maintaining future revenue flows.

Promotions in the Marketing mix of BSNL

BSNL has a strong base of consumers that have been loyal. However, new companies with new products are being launched in the market and in order to maintain its loyal base and to create a new breed of younger consumer base the company has opted for activities that will prove promotional as well as will increase the brands visibility in the market. It has its own slogan “Connecting India, Faster”.

In order to promote the services of the brand the company has come out with various schemes that have proved beneficial to the customers. Some of these schemes are like – machines for depositing cheque is  installed for easy payment services, service centers are open every day from 8.00 AM – 8.00 PM, help is available round the clock on helpline numbers, payments are possible through both demand draft and cheque and multiple connections can be applied for on single application.

BSNL has decided on a uniform identity and hence has created a marketing strategy that is applicable for its brand and all its products under a single window. The ace shooter Abhinav Bindra is associated with BSNL as its brand ambassador. Actors Preity Zinta and recently Deepika Padukone have been the ambassadors of this brand.

Marketing mix of Pepsodent – The 4 P’s of Pepsodent

Pepsodent is an acknowledged brand name that manufactures toothpaste and tooth brush. In the year 1915, Chicago’s Pepsodent Company introduced this toothpaste in the American market. It is rated as one of the top leaders in the oral hygiene market. In India the company, “Unilever” owns the brand and launched it in the year 1993, to cater to the needs of the consumers. Under the personal care category, Pepsodent offers various solutions for oral care that are on the specific needs of the consumers.  Pepsodent faces stiff competition from companies like

Colgate
Oral B
Anchor
Close-up

Table of Contents

1 Products in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent
2 Place in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent
3 Price in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent
4 Promotions in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent

Products in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent

Pepsodent is an established brand that is endorsed by the global dental association. It guarantees customer satisfaction as it fights the germs in and around the teeth. The toothpaste is also an apt solution for sensitive teeth and the gums that are bleeding. Pepsodent is supposed to make our gums healthy, the teeth strong, provide protection against cavities and make the breath fresh. The toothpaste has a digestive agent called pepsin that helps in the breaking and digesting of food deposited on the teeth.

To tackle the problem of diverse toothpaste brands the company has kept all its products innovative and unique. The brand has taken steps so that the consumers can easily distinguish their products from those of their competitors. It has positioned its merchandise as a fighter of germs more focused on the process of fighting than on the result.

The pepsodent variants available in the market are as follows-

Pepsodent Whitening that fights the yellowness of teeth and makes them sparkling white.
Pepsodent Germicheck to fight the existing germs
Pepsodent 2 in 1that provides double care
Pepsodent Gum Care for healthy gums
Pepsodent Center Fresh to maintain fresh breath
Pepsodent Kids in three different variants called Barbie that is pink in color, Tom & Jerry that is orange in color and Superman that is blue in color.
Pepsodent Sensitive for tackling the sensitivity of the teeth
In order to meet the needs of oral hygiene the company has also decided to add toothbrushes to its product kitty.

Place in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent

In order to create a market for its products Pepsodent has decided to create and maintain a professional approach. The company has made its distribution channel very organized so that products can be easily available to the customers. The product is producedat the manufacturing plants of the company and from there they are dispatched to the wholesaler. The next step is to send the products to the retailers who in turn supply the items to the various showrooms and outlets.  The consumers can easily buy these products because of their easy accessibility in every nook and corner. As its distribution network is immense, the products are available in both rural market and semi urban market.

Pepsodent is committed to gain better understanding of the market and hence they are always in the lookout for improving any hiccups in the distribution channels. They have the backing of their parent company Unilever and hence it is possible to send the products easily in every part of the country. They have large warehouses for storing and safekeeping of their goods. Products from these warehouses are sent to the retail outlets as per demand. The items are available in nearly 80% of the retail outlets across India because of the timely delivery.

Price in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent

Pepsodent had earlier mainly targeted the urban households who do not hesitate to dole out the extra money for qualitative products. However, it has now penetrated the rural market with less costing packages that is easy to afford. The brand has adopted a method of psychological pricing policy in order to capture the oral care market.

In order to keep the stiff competition at bay they have decided to keep their pricing policy reasonable. They have a research team that collects data about the market demand and about the pricing strategies of their adversaries. This helps them to analyze and set up their own pricing strategies. They also have a competitive strategy where they determine their selling price after taking into consideration the various cost factors and the level of profit the company is determined to earn.

In Pepsodent’s case, the company has decided on selling more products in order to increase the volume of sales. Hence, the reasonable pricing will allow the buyers to buy the products easily. This will ultimately lead to larger revenues.

Promotions in the Marketing mix of Pepsodent

Pepsodent has taken the help of social and digital media to promote its advertising campaign at its maximum capacity. There promotional strategy has proved effective as the brand has gained the trust of the consumers and the people have started identifying Pepsodent with quality.

It is necessary to keep a competitive approach, as there are manytypes of toothpaste in the market who are ready to take advantage of any sloppiness. In order to maintain the freshness of the campaigns they have been continuously experimenting with their marketing strategies. The main target audience is the female who is the decision maker in an Indian household and the adult male who is the breadwinner.

In2002, the pepsodent packs included an indicator that could tell the consumer the level of efficiency of the toothpaste. Some of their campaigns have been very educative emphasizing on the need to brush their teeth at night. The company has also launched small packages for penetration in the rural area markets and even has tie-ups with schools and hotel chains to promote and sell their products. It has also introduced free packs for ten-day trials. In some cases, schemes were launched where the 200 gm. pack had a free 50 gm. pack at the same price.

In other instances, free gifts like dummy tron bikes were distributed with Pepsodent pastes. At one time Pepsodent toothbrush was distributed with toothpastes.  In order to create trendy ads the company released some very catchy taglines and some  of its famous tag lines are “My toothpaste fights 10”, “Gets your teeth their whitest”, “Protection outside freshness inside” and “DSS nahi to bas nahi”. Pepsodent has many famous personalities as its brand ambassador. Actor Shahrukh Khan has been closely associated with their ad campaigns.

Marketing Mix Of Aircel

Founded in 1999, Aircel is an Indian telecommunication enterprise providing people and institution with access to 2G, 3G and 4G networks. The headquarters of Aircel are located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

Aircel has also been merged into Reliance Communication in order to provide people with better data and voice call services though Aircel continues to run its processes independently as well. Maxis Communication leads the enterprise with 74% of stock and shares while the rest 26% are owned Sindya Securities and Investments.

With 83.05 Million-Voice call and Data subscriber, Aircel happens to be the fifth largest telecommunication company in India. The top five-telecommunication companies include Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance and BSNL.

Aircel has proved its mettle in North-East Region along with bit of south regions; some of the states where its presence can be felt strongly are:

Odisha
Assam
North-East
Tamil Nadu

Table of Contents
1 Product in the marketing mix of Aircel
2 Place in the marketing mix of Aircel
3 Price in the marketing mix of Aircel
4 Promotion in the marketing mix of Aircel

Product in the marketing mix of Aircel

Reaching out to the vast Indian audience requires specialized skills or services that impress everyone. While Aircel is yet to pan across India, it has surely made a place for itself in the lives of people from Northeast and Southern regions of the country. While the company constantly looks forward to expand and make a dent in the world, improving services side by side is just another thing they prefer to concentrate on.

Aircel for now has mastered the art of delivering quality Voice Call services in the spectrum of 2G, 3G and 4G. The enterprise is equally adamant about quality services of Data in spectrum of 2G, 3G and 4G.

Aircel aims to go pan India but they are taking it slow because of the lack of orders from the contemporary government. The company has aims for delivering quality services in the remotest corners of the company. The world can be relaxed and look forward to something amazing coming out from the house of Aircel.

Place in the marketing mix of Aircel

Aircel has a strategy that is working well for the company but the simple idea of taking it slow with expansion is going to harm the enterprise. Contemporaries like Reliance and Airtel are rushing to the remotest corners and are promising impeccable services at affordable price. The collaboration contemporaries are establishing are yet another challenge for Aircel. The digital allocation and distribution of resources is an extremely aspect of business development and from here Aircel seems to be losing on it.

While Aircel is busy making market presence, quality services offered to people are helping with word of mouth. Extremely cheap services are making people from Northern regions desperate about the launch of Aircel in their areas. Aircel needs to grab the opportunity by both hands and make a dent in the world.

Price in the marketing mix of Aircel

New to the world of 2G, 3G and 4G, Aircel aims to establish itself first hence they are quite lenient with rates. The free calling services and exceptionally good data services at affordable rate is helping enterprise climb ladders faster than anyone else. Like any other telecom provider, Aircel is trying to establish itself in the market with a Penetration pricing strategy.

Aircel promises 1 GB of 3G/4G data at an unbelievable price of 150 INR in varied regions of the country. There’s a lot more to come from the house of Aircel. People using Aircel connection are quite satisfied with the service and pricing; they are not going to anywhere in near future. All Aircel needs to expand at a faster pace and introduce the whole of India to an amazing service at affordable price.

Promotion in the marketing mix of Aircel

Mary Kom, Dhanush and Sameera Reddy are some of the reputed faces that represent the brand at varied levels. South actors like Dhanush and Sameera Reddy have turned the brand into a household name, while the impeccable association with Chennai Super Kings has helped the brand build the requisite trust among people.

Aircel is not only winning with brand awareness but they have also showcased their concern towards the degrading health of our planet and have offered help in preserving tigers and making this world a better place for them.

Mahendra Singh Dhoni, the Captain of Indian Cricket Team has also served the brand as brand ambassador and is bound to resume as soon as the ban from CSK is lifted.

Aircel is moving in the right direction with all the establishment and campaign; all they need to do is increase their pace and change the people use voice call and data services in India.

Marketing Mix Of Amazon Kindle – Kindle marketing mix

Amazon is no more an e-commerce enterprise, in the contemporary world, Amazon is an Internet Giant; nobody understands the audience better than Amazon. The Internet-based services; e-commerce services and the unique Amazon Kindle are some of the services that are simplifying lives for better.

Amazon Kindle was launched 8 years ago and what did it was simply changed the way people read and store reading memories; the simple idea of leveraging readers with the power to read as they want and where they want has done wonders for the product.

Amazon Kindle has undergone some breathtaking changes in recent past just to serve users with the incomparable experience; the quality product and the unique reading experience that it serves with are exceptional and irreparable.

Table of Contents

1 Product in the marketing mix of Amazon Kindle
2 Place in the marketing Mix of Amazon Kindle
3 Price in the marketing mix of Amazon Kindle
4 Promotions in the marketing mix of Amazon Kindle

Product in the marketing mix of Amazon Kindle

Amazon Kindle in itself is no less than revolution but the improved and modified products that followed just show the passion with which products are built at Amazon. Amazon Kindle aims to replace the quality experience of reading paperbacks.

In order to serve to the scattered base of readers, Amazon has introduced varieties in Kindle. The varied Kindle aims to serve people with different reading needs. Now people can choose the product based on their preference of paper quality.

Here’s the list of varied versions of Amazon Kindle:

Kindle Paper white
Kindle Oasis
Kindle Touch
Kindle Keyboard

The reason the product is loved is because of its innovative screens for people who love reading. The screen looks almost like paper and there is hardly any strain on the eyes. Thus, as compared to mobiles or tablets, you can read on a Kindle for hours on end. With the combination of memory, and the capacity to store above 2000 novels, you are never short of anything to read.

Place in the marketing Mix of Amazon Kindle

Well! The most popular quote about Amazon goes like “There’s a bit of Amazon in every E-commerce”. Since Amazon is such a huge brand and Kindle being the most popular product, one can find these products in the remotest corners of the world with great ease. Amazon Kindle is probably the most loved Amazon product even more than Amazon Cloud Services.

Amazon Kindle is the perfect alternative to paper back books, because it leverages an experience very close to reading a paperback. The simple functionalities that makes reading a fun experience is the reason behind the immense popularity of Kindle.

International delivery is also available for the product; Amazon entered Asian countries only in the last decade but the product has been delivered to everyone who-so-ever asked for it. Amazon has worked efficiently on the delivery services and ensured that the products are being delivered to everyone who desires to own a kindle.

Initially, Amazon kindle was sold only through the Amazon US market place and it was being delivered across the world. Amazon was ready to give piece for piece replacement for the Kindly to ensure that the product becomes a favourite in the market. Slowly as the popularity grew, Kindly stopped being sold only on Amazon and started selling on other portals too. In fact, Croma and other popular retail stores are selling it from the storefront.

Price in the marketing mix of Amazon Kindle

Amazon Kindle was designed to replace the paperback books and leverage people with a similar reading experience. Over the time Amazon Kindle seems to win the battle against the paperbacks. The simple thing that you need to buy Kindle once and you can read as many books as you want, makes it the most affordable option. No library subscription or no membership to book clubs can replace the cost effectiveness of Amazon Kindle.

If we compare it with other Ebook readers such as the ones introduced by Sony or Barnes and Nobles, then the Amazon Kindle is premium priced. The varied versions come with varied pricing; the most loved Amazon Kindle can be acquired against the payment of 100-200 USD. The price varies from countries to countries based upon the taxation system.

There are versions of Amazon Kindle that are priced at $399, $350 and also $450. The newer versions are smarter and come with a lot of interesting functionalities. The simple functions that allow people to adjust light, manage highlighted text and increase brightness are making people love this product more than ever.

Promotions in the marketing mix of Amazon Kindle

Be it America, Europe or India, Amazon has marketed Kindle really well according to the tastes of each region. Impressive marketing campaigns and online contests are being run in order to let people discover new reading options. People from the remotest corners of the world can order it from Amazon.com and take their reading experience to a different level.

There are other ways through which Amazon wants to promote the sales of Amazon Kindle and ensure everyone gets to experience the best of books. Amazon kindle can be bought online as well offline. Varied Amazon partners are providing great deals.

Amazon has used the save paper initiative quite aggressively for marketing Amazon Kindle.

Top Notch Writers like Amit Sanghi and Amish Tripathi have been promoting the product. Across the world, Authors have become brand ambassadors for the Kindle. Everyone used to love reading a paper back book, and used to complain looking at others reading with technology. Amazon shows through its marketing campaigns that you can love book reading with the latest in technology as well.

They have been enrolled as the brand ambassador for product in India. The presence of such celebrated writers have helped the brand increase their outreach and develop trust among readers.

Marketing Mix Of Axe – Axe marketing mix

Axe comes from the colorful house of Unilever. The home care brand Unilever caters to almost half of the world’s population; over the time brand has developed a sense of trust among people and tends to serve them with the best, every time.

Axe is one of the most popular products; it not only spoils people with hundreds of products to choose from but also serves an experience like never before. There are millions of deodorants in the market but only the likes of Adidas, Park Avenue and Nivea are in competition with Axe.

The business development and the product innovation team at Axe takes their work quite seriously hence we are lucky enough to see exquisite combination of quality product and exceptional marketing campaigns.

Table of Contents

1 Product In The Marketing Mix Of Axe
2 Place In The Marketing Mix Of Axe
3 Price In The Marketing Mix Of Axe
4 Promotion In The Marketing Mix Of Axe

Product In The Marketing Mix Of Axe

Axe intricately understands that preferences differ from person to person hence; they have started creating products with a range. The Axe perfume and deodorants come in all shapes and sizes. The varied fragrances cater to the taste of people of all types. While kids are happy with the chocolate flavor, oldies are swaying it with Musk flavor.

Here’s a list of the most popular Axe Sprays:

Axe Essence
Axe Chocolate
Axe Phoenix
Axe Africa
Axe Hot Fever
Axe kilo
Axe Clix
Axe Vice
Besides the above, Axe also provides the following products

Axe Shower gels
Axe Shampoos
Axe Hair stylers

Place In The Marketing Mix Of Axe

Axe is sold in more than 200 countries and regions. The brand Axe is known with the name of Lynx in United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.

With such a huge audience base, the product innovation team at Axe has tried to create sprays that cater to the needs of people from around the world. Axe Essence and Axe Musk are quite popular in Asian countries while Axe Africa is a rage among people from hotter region.

Axe has a solid penetration in urban as well as rural regions across the world and it is because of these penetration levels that Axe has become a solid brand overall.

Price In The Marketing Mix Of Axe

What makes Axe so popular is not only the exquisite range of product but also the smartly done pricing. Pricing has played an eminent role in making the brand popular among peers. A 150 ml spray is priced somewhere between 3-5 USD, which is quite affordable. The perfect range of product allows people to present the best of them to the world that too without making a whole in the pocket.

Users from India and its sub-continent are addicted to this classic brand. A 150 ml spray battle can be purchased against the payment of 200 INR. The product is durable, which makes it cheaper. Axe surely has a set of genius minds working on it. The exquisite range of product available for grab at such innocuous price is a cheat deal for everyone.

Axe is also known to use Bundling pricing where in it promotes 1 + 1 axe bundles or 2 + 2 Axe deo bundles. Along with this, the company also uses co operative marketing and the product can be bundled with some other product from within the house of Unilever.

Promotion In The Marketing Mix Of Axe

Axe products have been successful in winning the world because of the impressive campaigns. The enterprise has marketed the product quite smartly and ensured that everyone uses it at least once.

Axe has established some serious stereotypes and monotony in the ad world and almost every contemporary is following it. The sensuous ads where men who use Axe are shown as swaying with sexy models are the Unique Selling Proportion of this product.

FIND YOUR MAGIC is the tagline that moves the brand in all corners of the world. THE AXE EFFECT is just another tagline that has helped the brand acquire some huge market percentage.

The marketing geniuses have made this brand a success among people from all around the world. Axe is many times criticised for its sexism and its objectifying women in ads. But overall, the brand is mainly male targeted and the advertising has worked wonders for their brand equity.

Axe is here to stay and leverage people with access to more of classic sprays. The AXE EFFECT has helped hundreds of boys and men portray their swag in the best possible way.

Marketing mix of Google – Google marketing mix

Google is an American corporation dealing in products and services that are based on internet. This multinational company specializes in search, software, online advertising and cloud computing. Google is a public company started by Sergey Brin and Larry Page in 1998 with a $100,000 investment.  Google has come out as a winner amongst all the other search engines because of its smart choices, excellent ideas, perfect implementation of ideas and exclusive products and services.

Google faces a stiff competition from its adversaries who acts as motivators for the company. Some of its competitors are as follows:

Microsoft (Bing, OS)
Apple (IOS in mobiles)
Facebook.com
Yahoo.com
Ask.com

Google marketing mix

Table of Contents
1 Products in the Marketing mix of Google
2 Place in the Marketing mix of Google
3 Price in the Marketing mix of Google
4 Promotion in the Marketing mix of Google

Products in the Marketing mix of Google

The search engine of Google catalog pages gives fast results and specializes in technology and innovative concepts. The information obtained from the Web pages is utilized in maximum capacity. Google is a distribution channel offering Google Places, Google Maps, Google Video, Gmail and Google Ad-words as their specialized products.Google Inc. is a new company launched by Google. Google offers facilities as goods to its users. These products can be divided into three categories that are as follows:

Search engine – The products of Google are too many because it spends a lot of money mainly into research and development. But the flagship product of Google is its search engine. Because it is the sole reason that Google is in everyone’s mind. When you want to say Hii to someone, you might remember Facebook, Whatsapp or other social networks. But if you need an answer to something, you need to “Just Google it”.
Advertising – This website, the one you are reading from, is able to survive because of Google’s adsense program which is an advertising network for most online publishers. Google provides advertising solutions through its various networks and a majority of its revenue is through advertising only.
Google provides business solution – In this category a search engine and intranet to the interested companies who are in need of solution to their search problems that their own employees are unable to handle. Google delivers the software and the hardware to its clients. The search appliance models are GB-5005 for important search services, GB-1001 for small companies and divisions, GB-8008 for centralized business units.
Google store – It sells almost any item that can print their company’s name like bags, shirts, copies, caps etc.
Youtube – The biggest video platform of the world belongs to Google. Again the revenue source is advertising.
Google docs – An online “Microsoft office” replacement. Although it is a bit rusty, but teams who work online swear by it and it has made the world a better place for many businesses.
Without further ado, and instead of going on about one of the best companies in the world, here is a list of all 151 (and increasing) products of Google.

Place in the Marketing mix of Google

Appropriate place is an important factor while targeting the prospective buyers. Google concludes all its activities in and through internet. At present the number of searches/day Google processes is nearly 200 million. It maintains its expertise through 14 locations in Asia, 23 in Europe, 5 in Middle East and 3 in Latin America.

Google also offers the choice of many regional languages to its customers. The number of employees it has is more than 52,000. The employees are equipped to handle all kinds of job and emergencies. Their contribution extends to almost all the areas.  While recruiting them their abilities and expertise are crosschecked to see whether they would suit the needs of the company. Google also has a very experienced search team whose job is to collect all the available data in any part of the world. The collected work is then scrutinized and later is helpful in filtering the search logarithm.

Google is situated at California in United States of America. Its Headquartersis at Mountain Viewand goes by the name of Googleplex. Google has entered into many partnerships. It has started on a research project with ‘NASA’ on various issues like Data management on a huge scale.  Google has entered in a partnership with ‘Sun Micro systems’has helped both of them in sharing and distributing each other’s expertize.

Price in the Marketing mix of Google

Google products are low cost and strive to give best possible results. Their pricing policy is dependent on the value of their goods. For business products, amount that is to be charged to the clients is determined after looking at the innumerable expenses occurred during that transaction.  All the factors such as allowances, list price, payment periods, discounts and credit terms and conditions are evaluated and after a lot of contemplation, the price is set.The price policy also involves scrutinizing the current market and on its competitors policies.

Google mainly earns through Ad-Words, which is an advertising program by Google.  These advertisements are based on keywords that are bought by interested corporations. For example – A movie which is about to be released in coming 2 weeks will make a campaign on Google’s adwords platform for all the entertainment sites all there. It will pour in a lot of money to advertise on other sites, and Google will in turn keep a percentage of this money as operational expenses and profit for its online advertising platform – Adwords.

Promotion in the Marketing mix of Google

Google is committed to keep its focus on the search engines. The company has changed the concept of advertising and its huge success has proved to be an inspiration for other companies. Google operates mostly through word of mouth advertising. The satisfied customers have been their best advocates and have resulted in the development and expansion of the brand name. To have a firm grip on the market Google offers best and precise services. It is simple, clean, advertisement free and so the homepage can be loaded with minimum fuss and in miliseconds, and the viewer’s appreciate its direct approach.

The hassle free experience has resulted in Google becoming the 2nd most valued brand of 2016. Google is a prime example of ‘Product marketing’ and the top-notch products and services have been the most important factor behind its success.

Google provides free services to consumers and itself sells the advertisement on the pages where the consumer lands up. It collects data from all over the world and gives its customers one single and easy to use platform. This hassle free experience has been a hit with the viewers. As Advertisement is an endless game, Google too looks to be in it for the longest haul possible.

Google has recently launched ‘Froogle’ a new and separate website that relates to product search. Best services and public relation has helped the website in its immense growth and that to only by mouth publicity. The company has a distinctive policy where it maintains that all ads are labeled as ‘sponsored links’. Google relies solely on its loyal viewers who has created and maintained a buzz about this brand name through mouth publicity.

In order to increase the awareness about its brand name Google has taken the help of advertisements on radio, television and the print media. The most talked about ad was that for Android Mobile Phone to which the company provided a suitable platform. In 2009, advertisements were posted on billboards illustrating the words ‘Going Google’When Google Chrome was launched ads with tag line “Download Google Chrome Today” were released. The ads related to Google are always simple and informational and they are mostly placed on sites using Ad-words.

Marketing Mix of DELL

Dell is one of the leading Consumer durables brand. The marketing mix of dell talks about the way in which dell has improvised to gain a competitive position.

Product:

Dell believes that, ‘Marketing is not about providing products or services it is essentially about providing changing benefits to the changing needs and demands of the customer’.
Dell provides a wide variety of both business class and home/consumer class products and services.
Dell designs, develops, manufactures, markets, sells, and supports a wide range of products that in many cases are customized to individual customer requirements.
A few examples of products for individual and professional customers are Dell Precision workstations, OptiPlex desktops, Dimension desktops, and Inspiron and Latitude notebooks.
Marketing mix of Dell

Price:

Pricing strategies usually change as the product passes through its life cycle, because there is constrains on the company’s freedom to price a product at different stage.
The main objective of Dell is to produce the low price and profitable PC for the customers.
For the above reason Dell’s product pricing reflects the affordability of the local consumers.
Because Dell products are so customizable, the price is largely dependent on the options and services added to the product.
Dell is undercutting competitors in price to rapidly gain market share.

Place:

Place is also known as channel, distribution, or intermediary. It is the mechanism through which goods and/or services are moved from the manufacturer / service provider to the user or consumer.
Dell has been able to affect the location strategy aspect of its marketing campaign.
As Dell’s products are always available at the nearest dealer’s customers develop trust for the “local Dell” thereby achieving the objective of gaining their trust in Dell products and services, and forming a large and diversified consumer base.

Promotion:

Another one of the 4 P’s is promotion. This includes all the tools available to the marketer for ‘marketing communication’.
Dell in the past have not concentrated on extensive marketing campaigns but these revolutionaries in 1999 when Dell changed its tactics by engaging in extensive marketing campaigns.
Dell markets its products primarily by advertising on television and the Internet, advertising in a variety of print media, and mailing or emailing a broad range of direct marketing publications, such as promotional materials, catalogs, and customer newsletters.
Dell has recently started promoting its products through retailers like Best Buy, Staples, Wal-Mart, GOME, and Carrefour.
Also Read about Marketing Mix

Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever – HUL Marketing mix

Hindustan Unilever is an Indian public ltd company owned by another company Unilever that holds 67% of its shares. Founded in the year 1932, the company has its headquarters at Mumbai in India. Hindustan Unilever is one of the biggest fast moving companies of consumer goods with at least two thirds of the population using its products at one time or the other. Some of the main competitors of this company are as follows-

ITC
Dabur India
Nestle India
Cadbury India
Asian Paints
Procter & Gamble
Britania Industries

Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever HUL

Table of Contents

1 Products in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

2 Place in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

3 Price in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

4 Promotions in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

Products in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

The company is the leader in consumer goods industry with many brands under its umbrella. Its brand and product portfolio consists of-

Food Brands-

Magnum (ice cream)
Modern bread
Kwality Walls (frozen dessert)
Knorr soups
Lipton tea
Kissan jams, sauce, juices etc.
Brooke Bond tea
Bru coffee
Annapurna atta and salt
Homecare Brands-

Magic – (water saver)
Vim dishwash
Surf Excel washing powder
Sunlight washing powder
Rin detergent
Domestos disinfectant
Comfort softners for fabrics
Cif
Wheel detergent
Brands related to Personal Care

TIGI
Tresemme for hair care
Vaseline lotions, jelly for skin care
Sure anti-perspirant
Sunsilk shampoo
Rexona soap
Pond’s cream and talc
Pepsodent toothpaste
Pears soap
Lux body wash, soap and deodorant
Liril soap
Lifebuoy handwash and soap
Lakme beauty merchandises
Hamam soap
Fair& Lovely products for skin lightening
Denim products for shaving
Dove hair-care range and skin products
Close-up toothpaste
Clinic Plus oil and shampoo
Clear hair products
Breeze soap
Lever personal care and health care products
Axe soap, deodorant and after-shaving lotion
Aviance
Water purifier

Pureit water purifier
Recently, Hindustan Unilever has introduced some new products in the consumer market like Easywash from Surf Excel, Eyeconic range from Lakme, Anti-Germ bar from Vim and Hair fall rescue treatment from Dove.

Place in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

Hindustan Unilever deals in various brands and has many products under its belt. To handle all this products and brandssuccessfully it has a vast distribution network that includes at least two million outlets directly and 7.7 million retail shops in every part of the country. The company also has a direct selling network called Hindustan Unilever network (HUNL) and under this network, Ayush Therapy markets health products, Aviance markets beauty products, Lever Home markets home products, D.I.Y. markets male grooming products.  In order to retain its market hold the company has pursued an innovative mechanism for distributing its products. In its zeal to reach the innumerable potential consumers in urban regions and in rural areas, where there is little scope for reaching and establishing a network, the company has simply gone forward with no-holds barred policy and set up various networks.

The company realizes that it has an advantage over its competitors and so has adopted various methods to reach the customers through independent wholesale and retail outlets with a minimum of two thousand and nine hundred stockists. Local warehouses are set up at convenient places from where the C & F agents dispatch the items to the retailers on the stockist’s orders.

In order to reach the rural market, Hindustan Unilever has a four-tier system of distribution in place. The company under the Direct Coverage Scheme has a common stockist that provides for every outlet under its zone.  Under the Indirect Coverage Scheme, the company targets those retailers in villages that are near urban markets. The stockist is instructed so that heserves all the villages in its vicinity.

Price in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

Hindustan Unilever believes in products that are consumer friendly as this generates huge amount of sales. For this purpose, they have kept a simple pricing policy of low cost products so that the products could reach a wider market. They have not compromised with the quality of the product but have simply cut down on costing because of its wide and far-reaching distribution policy. For some of its products Hindustan Unilever has maintained a competitive pricing policy. As soon as its competitors increases or decreases the prices of the products so does Hindustan Unilever.

It is to maintain the balance of the market in the name of various discounts or schemes like two hundred gm. of a product free with one kg of that product. This automatically reduces the prices and as the consumers are eager to buy at discounted rates, it does generate excess sales volume thus resulting in extra revenues.

Hindustan Unilever tries to offer various brands with variety of products at numerous price ranges. This is so because the consumer will buy any one of the product according to his/her financial capability. The prices are placed so that they are generally reasonable and at competitive rates. For its premium quality of products it has kept a premium pricing policy as it caters to a different section of the society, who are happy to buy branded and premium products.

Promotions in the Marketing mix of Hindustan Unilever ( HUL )

Hindustan Unilever is a very large company with lots of brands and products so its promotional policies are varied and extensive. It has taken the help of advertisements to create consciousness about its products. Sharing product knowledge through the print media like periodicals and various newspapers is also a good promotional strategy.

Sometimes coupons are attached with local newspapers to advertise and promote the products. Hindustan Unilever has utilized the electronic media for its promotions as the ads are on television at regular intervals. It has also posted detailed information about its products along with advertisements on the websites to maintain consumer awareness. Hindustan Unilever has maintained attractive product appearances with detailed and complete information about the product on its packaging in at least three languages.

Discounts are provided along with various schemes to attract the customers during off seasons and during special occasions.  Sales push is also possible through various contests, free samples, and lowered prices of introductory products and endorsement of products by celebrities. Sakshi Talwar is associated with Vim, Yami Gautam in Kwality Walls, Actor Kareena Kapoor is associated with Lakme, Actor Kajol is associated with Knorr soups, and Varun Dhawan in Ponds men’s range and Anoushka Sharma is associated with Bru. In order to arouse the interest of the consumers various staffs’ are hired who provide a live product demonstration through the stalls at particular public places.

Marketing Strategy of Harley Davidson – Harley Davidson Strategy

A cult brand with 6500+ employees, Harley Davidson is leading the heavy weight motorcycles segment worldwide due to its rich design and innovative marketing strategies. It’s Heritage with 120 years of experience & Socio-cultural environment is shaping the company’s offering across the different regions.

A little known fact about Harley Davidson is that it is primarily in two segments with company name as Harley Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) & Harley Davidson Financial services (HDFS). While HDMC sells its power packed Harley motorcycles all over the world, HDFS provide Retail & wholesale, and Insurance related services to only United States & Canada.

Segmentation, targeting, positioning in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Harley uses psychographic segmentation to cater to the changing needs of consumers, primarily because it is a lifestyle brand. You choose a Harley over others because you love to ride and you love buying premium motorcycles. The distinct & innovative design has helped the company in making Harley motorcycles popular across the world.

Table of Contents

1 Segmentation, targeting, positioning in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

2 Competitive advantage in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

3 BCG Matrix in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson-

4 Distribution strategy in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

5 Brand equity in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

6 Competitive analysis in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

7 Market analysis in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

8 Customer analysis in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson In this competitive market, it is very important for a company to target the market accordingly. Differentiated targeting strategy is used by Harley Davidson.

The positioning of Harley Davidson is very strong in the mind of consumers as a premium motorcycle brand which is known for its advanced technology and for its design. Harley Davidson has achieved this positioning by giving hit after hit of products, each of which is excellent and loved for the customization it offers.

Mission – “It’s our purpose and passion; we bring a commitment of exceptional customer experience to everything we do- from innovation of our products to the precision of our manufacturing- culminating with our strong supplier and dealer networks.”

Vision- “Not found”

Tagline – “American by birth, Rebel by choice”.

Competitive advantage in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Broad product portfolio ranging from Harley Street in lower segment to cruiser & touring bikes in the higher range has helped the company in increasing its sales. At the same time, these products have driven the premium brand image in the market.

Customization and accessories are the major competitive advantage of Harley Davidson. People love their Harleys and there are numerous customizations possible in an Harley, from the handle, the stand to the overall looks including the accessories the driver can wear.

Harley has created a rich culture for the bikers through its Harley Owners Group (HOG) which has rallies regularly and on continuous basis, where Harley owners from different parts of the nation can interact & live a lifestyle of passionate bikers.

Harley has started focusing on the emerging & developing markets so as to decrease its dependence on the developed nations which forms the majority of its sales. Around 60% of its sales generated from U.S in year 2014.

BCG Matrix in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson-

Harley Davidson’s standard, Touring & Cruiser models are meant for those who believe in customization and interstate touring. These are Stars in the BCG matrix due to its high acceptability in different markets.

Its Sportbike which is technically advanced and Dual range of bikes are question mark as these segments have large number of players and Harley is not able to distinguish its offerings than competitors.

Distribution strategy in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Customization in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Harley distributes its bikes through their independent showrooms & dealerships spread worldwide. The premium dealerships are supported by HDFS so as to enable them to run the business effectively and control the operational cost.

In some of the markets the non-traditional outlets such as ARO’s (Alternate retail outlet & SRO’s (seasonal retail outlets) are helping the company in further penetrating the market. These outlets are the extension of the main dealerships.

Brand equity in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Harley Davidson is the 279th ranked brand in the world. Company promotes an extensive motorcycling experience worldwide through events, rides & rallies including the one organised by Harley Owners Group (H.O.G).

It creates awareness among the riders & non-riders through wide range of products trademarked with the name Harley Davidson. Company promotes Harley Davidson products and related lifestyle products through H.O.G.

Competitive analysis in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Classic style, distinctive sound & design, degree of customization and superior quality has given Harley edge over other players in the market whether it is Indian motorcycles, Triumph or any other competitors.  Harley has been successful in creating customer experience which is helping the company in being ahead of its rivals.

Market analysis in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Developing nations are the most emerging & growing markets which is being targeted by the 2- wheeler companies because developed nations sales are becoming stagnant due to large number of players eating up each-others share. High bargaining power of suppliers & government regulation are also making it difficult for the players to sustain. Emerging nations are the only hope & is the biggest opportunity that if tapped will give sustainable advantage to the company.

Customer analysis in the Marketing strategy of Harley Davidson

Harley Davidson’s customers are the passionate bikers who love to ride for long hours and to great lengths. Harley targets those customers who are “Born to ride”. These customers are from upper middle income group and are in the age group of 25-40 years.  However, the age group barrier of Hogs is long since crossed because even senior citizens love to own a Harley and go on long drives.

Marketing mix of Patanjali – Patanjali Marketing mix

Founded in 2006 by Acharya Balkrishna and Baba Ramdev, Patanjali Ayurved is an Indian FMCG Company. Patanjali Ayurved happens to be the fastest growing FMCG Company in India. Patanjali Ayurved imports herbs from Himalayas of Nepal.

Patanjali has a manufacturing unit in Nepal, working under the brand name of Nepal Gramudhyog. India’s fastest growing FMCG company is valued at 3000 Crore and generated a revenue of 5000 Crore for the fiscal year of 2015-16.

Hindustan Uniliver and P&G are the FMCG companies, whose market share has been potentially affected by Patanjali. P&G and Hindustan Uniliver are on back foot and trying to lure customers back by providing huge discounts and impressive offers.

Table of Contents

1 Products in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved
2 Pricing in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved
3 Place in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved
4 Promotion in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved:

Products in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved

Baba Ramdev is constantly pushing Indian people to start using Indian brands and save the economical growth of the company. Patanjali is planning to take over all reputed brands dealing in beverages and foods.

Some of the sectors where Patanjali products are already doing great:

Foods – Including jams, biscuits, noodles, oats, pulses and many other lines of food products.
Beverages
Healthcare & Medicines
Personal care products
Cleaning agents
The list of Products offered by Patanjali is exhaustive. You can check all its products here – http://patanjaliayurved.net/

Products that are already making news and have forced competitors to bring their prices down in order to save their presence in the market:

Products where Patanjali is present and beating competition are

Dabur Honey: Patanjali Ayurved is providing people with option to buy quality honey at around 30% lesser price than Dabur.
Colgate: Patanjali Ayurved is preaching how Colgate cheated people in early days. And how ayurveda is the best way to treat your gums and your teeth.
Patanjali Noodles: Patanjali Noodles rose to fame while Maggi was away from the market and has done quite damage to Maggi, which once was the king of Noodle’s market.

Pricing in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved

Two factors that have made Patanjali Ayurved the fastest growing FMCG company in India are: a) Use of Natural Ingredients and Ayurved and b) Pricing. Pricing plays an extremely important role in putting Patanjali Ayurved ahead of its fierce competitors. Hindustan Uniliver and P&G are trying their level best to cope up with the competition but the love for Indian product growing in people is not helping them.

Patanjali is educating people about the benefits of using their products and are also using price comparison as an effective marketing strategy. The pricing strategy is clearly penetrative pricing because Patanjali knows that it cannot conquer the market with higher prices. Plus, if the ingredients are natural and domestic, the cost of the product is lesser too. There is a drop of 25-30 percent of price in almost every product when compared to International Brands which is helping Patanjali reach each and every household in India.

Place in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved

Patanjali Ayurved is India’s fastest growing FMCG Company but it is not stopping it from spreading its wing to neighboring countries like Nepal. Patanjali has a manufacturing unit in Nepal. Patanjali also imports herbs from Himalayas in Nepal; the well-established trade relation is helping Patanjali expand its wings in Nepal with great ease.

With the growing outreach in India and Nepal, Baba Ramdev surely will be aiming to overtake market in lot of other countries. With impressive revenue of 5000 Crores, Patanjali is surely going to have a lot of fund for expansion and growth.

In India, 1000’s of stores are now selling Patanjali products, and these stores are exclusively selling Patanjali, making the local retailer quake. The penetration levels will only rise further as the margins in the product are good too.

Promotion in the marketing mix of Patanjali Ayurved:

Patanjali Ayurved goes with the Slogan “Prakriti ka Ashirwad”. Well, Patanjali Ayurved has acquired the requisite fame and popularity among people because of the globally recognized Yoga Guru, Baba Ramdev. This brand ambassador of Patanjali is single handedly responsible for the success of the brand. His contribution to people’s life through Yoga is incredible hence people felt aligned towards him when he launched his very own Indian FMCG Company.

While a lot of people shifted to Patanjali Products because of Baba Ramdev, a pool of Indians started following him when they realized how good and cheap Patanjali products actually are. Patanjali Ad campaigns have always focused on surpassing information to people that “revenue of Patanjali is for Charity and not for Brand Owners”. Secondly, it is better that the revenue generated from day to day products remains within India rather then the profits going out to foreign companies. Till date, Indians did not have many alternatives to foreign products but now they do have localised products.

Baba Ramdev took the opportunity in his hands and has started influencing Indians by sharing information about price gap and how useful herbal Patanjali products actually are. Baba Ramdev has ceased the opportunity with both hands and has made huge difference to the branding of Patanjali Ayurveda. Now, Patanjali is also selling the products online through E-commerce, increasing their penetration even further.

Only time will tell how people from around the world are going to receive Patanjali products as an alternative of products from Hindustan Uniliver and P&G.

Fast-moving consumer goods(FMCG)

Fast-moving consumer goods ( FMCG) or consumer packaged goods ( CPG ) are products that are sold quickly and at relatively low cost . Examples include non-durable goods such as soft drinks , toiletries , over-the-counter drugs, processed foods and many other consumables . In contrast, durable goods or major appliances such as kitchen appliances are generally replaced over a period of several years.

FMCG have a short shelf life , either as a result of high consumer demand or because the product deteriorates rapidly. Some FMCGs, such as meat, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and baked goods, are highly perishable. Other goods, such as alcohol, toiletries, pre-packaged foods, soft drinks, chocolate, candies, and cleaning products, have high turnover rates. The sales are sometimes influenced by some holidays and season.

Though the profit margin made on FMCG products is relatively small (more so for retailers than the producers/suppliers), they are generally sold in large quantities; thus, the cumulative profit on such products can be substantial. FMCG is a classic case of low margin and high volume business.

Characteristics :

The following are the main characteristics of FMCGs

From the consumers' perspective

Frequent purchase
Low involvement (little or no effort to choose the item)
Low price
Short shelf life
Must use for daily consumption

From the marketers' angle

High volumes
Low contribution margins
Extensive distribution networks
High stock turnover

Fast-moving consumer electronics :

Fast-moving consumer electronics are typically low-priced generic or easily substitutable consumer electronics , including mobile phones , MP3 players , game players , earphones, headphones, OTG cables , and digital disposable cameras .

List of Indian FMCG companies :

Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies, including subsidiaries of multinational FMCG firms that are listed in India.

1) GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare

2) ITC FMCG

3) Pidilite Industries

4) Amul

5) Godrej Consumer Products Limited

6) Dabur India Ltd.

7) Emami

8) Zydus Wellness

9) Britannia

10) Wipro Consumer Care & Lighting Ltd.

11) Marico

12) Future Consumer Enterprises Ltd.

13) CavinKare

14) Parle Agro

15) Jyothy Laboratories

16) Haldiram's

17) Nirma

18) Himalaya Healthcare Ltd.

19) Bikanervala

20) Manpasand Beverages Limited

Marketing Mix Of Chevrolet – Chevrolet Marketing Mix

Chevrolet is the initiative of Louis Chevrolet and William C. Durant which marked its foundation in November 3, 1911. Since then the brand is the benchmark of the automobile sector. It is an America based company with the market norm of sale “for every purse and purpose”. With the 104 years ofChevrolet, a known brand name in Cars and SUV’s is the automobile unit of General motors. marked experience on the field it has been one of the known names of the automobile Industry. Since inception it is named for its high quality and efficient automobiles.

Though, Automobile industry kind of hold monopoly in the sector still there is a strong competition amongst the few companies. The main competitors of Chevrolet are:

Ford, a company founded by Henry ford and based in America
Honda, Japanese based Conglomerate
Skoda, a Czech automobile manufacturer unit, founded by Laurin and Klement
Toyota, a Japanese automobile unit headquartered at Toyota
Fiat is a subsidiary company of FCA headquartered in Italy

Table of Contents

1 Product in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet
2 Place in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet
3 Price in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet
4 Promotions in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet

Product in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet

Chevrolet is an exclusive automobile company with the wide range of small cars, electrically propelled cars, Vans, Commercial automobiles, SUV’s etc. Each product of Chevrolet is a mark of quality and efficiency.

Products of General Motors and especially Chevrolet designate high performance with the ensured experience of speed. Chevrolet is hell bent on providing selectively designed vehicles with the advancement in technology. In year 2011 Chevrolet marked its sale at 4.76 million.

Currently the leading model of Chevrolet car range includes Chevrolet Cruze, Chevrolet Tavera, Chevrolet Spark, and Chevrolet Optra Magnum.

Place in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet

Chevrolet is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan; U.S. General Motors has targeted the global market with the brand name of Chevrolet with an exception of Ocenia where it is sold with the brand name of Holden (an Australian Subsidiary). Currently the brand is operational in 140 countries around the globe. Strong dealer network across the countries makes Chevrolet first choice for the consumers.

The global presence in 140 countries Chevrolet is further magnitudes with the division of the Chevrolets offices in various parts making it easily accessible for its customers to buy any Chevrolet Product with ease. One of the striking features of Chevrolet brand to provide for the easy services to the customers is the multiple dealerships across the countries.

Price in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet

Chevrolet is one of the brands, which since its start is known for the high and efficient quality of products with the pocket suiting prices. The prices are subjective to the types of the products. The prices of Chevrolet products are fixed keeping in mind the worth of product. The distinct characteristic of Chevrolet price policy is the mid – stature pricing with reliable services. Keeping in mind the needs of customers Chevrolet promises the guaranteed low maintenance cost post purchase for 3 years from the date of invoice.

Suiting to every budget Chevrolet has car ranging from 3.5 Lakh to 18 Lakh. So, one company adapts to the needs of all the types of customers.

Promotions in the Marketing mix of Chevrolet

Promotion is soul to the business and that is why the same is effectively used by the Chevrolet. Chevrolet is assisted by the team of expert promotional professionals who provide for the best promotional advice. Generally, covering the advertisements online, on print media and social media the Chevrolet brand covers every arena of marketing. To keep the growth of Chevrolet business up, various offers are used.

The basic offer, which goes with every Chevrolet product, is 1 year of insurance completely free subject to terms and conditions. Chevrolet brand worldwide uses different promotional offers to induce the sales.

Opting to the target group promotional strategies Chevrolet itself as an automobile for every needs. Lately, Chevrolet is looking to expand its key strategy through the use of digital marketing. Targeting the consumer groups in different countries the promotional strategy at every country is customized as per the needs of the individual customers.

Marketing Mix Of Hitachi – Hitachi Marketing Mix

Hitachi Ltd. is a conglomerate brand founded in Japan. Hitachi Ltd. is the parent company of Hitachi Group and is a decisive member of GKB Group of Companies. The term Conglomerate represents the varied business interest of Hitachi; it is like one single brand operating in varied entrepreneurial verticals.

Enterprises like Blue Star, Lloyd Electric and Engineering and Samsung are the pioneers that keep Hitachi on the toe by threatening to win over its consumer base.

The conglomerate nature of Hitachi Ltd. can only be understood by listing the 11 varied verticals, which includes of

Telecommunication systems
Power System
Social Infrastructure
Financial Services
Automotive Systems
High Functional Materials and Components
Digital Media and Consumer Products
Hitachi Ltd. is a public enterprise listed on Tokyo Stock Exchange and it ranks 38th in Fortune Global 500. A study in January 2014 found that hard disks from Hitachi were the most reliable. What makes Hitachi one of the most loved brands is its promise of delivering quality products and services under all constraints.

Table of Contents

1 Product in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi
2 Price in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi
3 Place in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi
4 Promotions in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi

Product in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi

Hitachi Ltd. deals in an array of products and services including Financial Services and Digital Media and Consumer Products. The ever-expanding product line caters to a wide range of audience and tries to fulfil each and every requirement of a valued customer.

An Electrical Engineer named Namihei Odaira started Hitachi and the first product of the company was an Electric Induction Motor, which happened to be Japan’s first 5-horsepower motor. From manufacturing motors to catering people with Financial Services, Hitachi has come a long way for sure.

One gets to choose from a lot of variants in almost every sector of Hitachi product line. Hitachi is helping people make a better choice by providing them with sumptuous options.

Price in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi

Be it Aircraft Engines, Automotive Products, Construction Machinery or Defense System, Hitachi has always tried to maintain a balanced pricing, with keeping competitors in mind. The defence products and construction machinery are sectors where sales depend on upon Quality and not Pricing play an important role in shaping the marketing mix of Hitachi under the Pricing vertical.

Hitachi’s approach in telecommunication system sector and Power System is surely of enamouring costumers by luring them using attractive pricing. The enterprises have successfully catered more than 50 Nations with quality products and continue to expand its outreach on a daily basis.

The fact that Hitachi Ltd. is growing on daily basis and has very less number of setbacks proves that the enterprise has been putting money and ideas in the right direction. When you are moving ahead with the right strategy, you can always cut out prices and provide your costumers with heavy discounts. Hitachi has hit the bull’s eye with marketing strategy and price-cutting.

Place in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi

Founded in 1910, Hitachi is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo Japan. Listed as a public stock company in Japan Stock Exchange Hitachi has an impressive global outreach.

Including countries from South America, North America, Asia, Europe and the Middle East the company operates in more than 50 Nations. Hitachi’s outreach signals towards the core business value founders and board members have passed to the next generation over the time. Simple expansion model, quality services, affordable pricing has helped Hitachi to grow as a brand.

The diverse portfolio including 11 vertical of business allows Hitachi to sell different products in varied countries; for example, Hitachi’s defence products are quite popular in the Middle East whereas countries like India, Japan and Bangladesh enjoys access to telecommunication systems.

Promotions in the Marketing Mix of Hitachi

Hitachi as an enterprise has always relied on its quality product and customer experience for marketing whereas promotional ads have always been a part of the plan but enrolling a superstar celebrity is just not the Hitachi way.

Hitachi has left the world impressed and head over heels in awe by publishing some really generic and funny ads. The enterprise aims to sweep over the audience by their wit and intelligence. Well, the quality that Hitachi delivers puts it ahead of a lot of contemporaries, which adds up to the popularity and increases sales.

Hitachi has actively contributed to Corporal Social Responsibility across the world. They have done some really impressive work in the Sub-Continent.

Hitachi- Inspire the Next is the motto that will continue to inspire awesome technology and help people lead a simple yet overwhelming life.

Marketing Mix of Huawei – Huawei Marketing Mix

Huawei is a private company of Chinese origins and has its headquarters in Shenzhen situated in China. This multinational corporation is associated with telecommunication industry and deals in networking and equipment. Currently, it is the largest equipment manufacturer in telecom industry after overtaking Ericsson in the year 2012. Huawei was founded in the year 1987 by Ren Zhengfei to help in modernising telecommunication infrastructure of his country. Some of the main competitors of this global company are as follows

Sony Ericsson
Cisco Systems
Alcatel-Lucent
ZTE Corporation
Apple
Samsung

Table of Content

1 Product Mix in the marketing mix of Huawei
2 Place in the marketing mix of Huawei
3 Price in the marketing mix of Huawei
4 Promotions in the marketing mix of Huawei

Product Mix in the marketing mix of Huawei

Huawei started its product line by making phone switches and later it earned a contract to build telecommunication network for an army. In the year 1997 company was able to gain its first contract in overseas market and provided fixed-line networking products. Later it launched GSM-based wireless products and eventually UMTS and CDMA. In the year 2011 company announced that it would be providing cloud-computing solutions, data centre, wireless and fixed communication and network infrastructure for global customers. Currently, product portfolio of Huawei core business includes

Telecom networks that include solutions and technologies like fixed and mobile soft-switches, Internet-protocol-Multimedia-Subsystems and home location register. It also facilitates mobile infrastructure, service provider switches and routers and broadband access.
Global services of Huawei offer telecommunication operators necessary equipment for building and operating network. It also provides engineering and consulting services for the improvement of operational efficiencies and it comprises of network integration services for fixed and mobile network, learning services like competency consulting and assurance services like network safety.
Device division of Huawei offers to its content service provider white-label products that include wireless modems, USB modems and wireless routers for connectivity through mobile Wi-Fi, wireless gateways, embedded modules, mobile handsets, set-top boxes and video products. The company also sells devices under its own brand names like smartwatch, tablet PCs and smartphones.

Place in the marketing mix of Huawei

Services and products of Huawei are deployed in nearly one hundred and forty countries across the globe and it serves five largest operators of the telecom industry in the global market. The company has 170,000 employees to provide efficient working and out of these 76,000 are engaged to work in its research and development division. Huawei has 21 institutes of R&D in various countries like China, Canada, United States, Pakistan, Germany, Sweden, Colombia, Turkey, Russia and others. Distribution channel of Huawei has always been very effective. It believes in developing joint ventures with local authorities and under this relationship it provides dividends in exchange of using products from Huawei. 

Currently, brand Huawei does not deal directly with customers as it believes in cultivating appropriate channel of distribution that includes distributors, sales networking team, enterprise and consumers. Providing an accurate number of products on a given day at a particular place has become very important for the company. Place signifies location, market coverage, mobile phones and online market. It has two vital channels. First is seller’s channel that set up an office in target markets for direct sales of products and second is a joint venture for building further brand channels.

Price in the marketing mix of Huawei

Pricing policy of Huawei is unique and is dependent on various factors like its product range, market and prevalent economic conditions of that particular place and desire and ability of people to spend money on a product. The company has decided to follow a product pricing policy for some of its products. It is dependent upon corporate brand strategy as it has launched numerous products with variable prices, for example, an Honor mobile of Huawei brand can be bought at Rs 10,000 and even at Rs 20,000.

The difference is not in its brand value but the products as it contains different specifications. Huawei is blessed in earning great revenues as it is a Chinese company and its labour cost is minimum compared to other countries. Cheap labour is one of the important reasons for forming reasonable pricing policies that help in earning greater revenues as its low-priced and qualitative products are in great demand in international markets.

Promotions in the marketing mix of Huawei

Huawei has undertaken various promotional activities to attract and maintain a healthy consumer base. Its marketing policies include high-level advertising on a large scale. On international platform, the company has deployed a veteran company of British origin to guide itself during various stages of promotion. It has also taken help of print media like magazines and newspapers to print about its products. Online marketing has proved very profitable for this international brand as its flash sales of various products have been appreciated by consumers.

Nowadays people tend to buy through online sites and hence Huawei has maximised its promotional activities through online channels. Brand Huawei has taken special care to employ educated people who have professional ability and knowledge to understand and implement the actual desires of a customer. It has announced sunshine mileage club for members who are dedicated and who have proven their worth by earning extra points. Based on individual performances they earn points and are rewarded accordingly.

Marketing Mix Of Ericsson – Ericsson Marketing Mix

Lars Magnus Ericsson founded Ericsson almost 140 years ago in Sweden. Ericsson is a publicly traded company with presence in more than 180 countries, it also employees an impressive number of 110,000 people.

During 2012 Ericsson had a handsome hold over the 2G/3G/4G market; the share of Ericsson accounted somewhere near 35 percent, which literally made it the authoritative leader in the telecommunication vertical.

Ericsson is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and has more than 35000 patents to its name in the field of telecommunication, Information Protocol services and Broadband. Huawei, Samsung, Motorola and Apple Inc. are some of the top competitors of Ericsson in the international market.

Table of Contents
1 Products in the marketing mix of Ericsson
2 Places in the marketing mix of Ericsson
3 Pricing in the marketing mix of Ericsson
4 Promotions in the marketing mix of Ericsson

Ericsson had to face tough competition from Bell Group in the United States of America whereas it expanded to countries like Australia with great ease.

Products in the marketing mix of Ericsson

Well, Ericsson is among one of those elite group of companies that deals in almost every sphere of a particular sector. When it comes to Ericsson, the sector it deals in completely is telecommunication and broadcasting.

Here are all the services and products provided by Ericsson to people of more than180 countries:

Information and communication technology
Mobile and fixed broadband
Video systems
Cable television
Operations and business support services
IPTV
Ericsson had 35% of 2G/3G/4G covered in 2012 because of the quality services it started providing before the competitors came into existence.Marketing Mix Of Ericsson

Places in the marketing mix of Ericsson

Ericsson was founded in Sweden and sooner it started to expand globally; it was only around 2000-2002 when Ericsson established itself as a known global enterprise and provided people from around the world with access to the best of services.

Some of the facts related to international expansion of Ericsson are listed here:

UK and Russia were the early international market Ericsson decided to expand to
Ericsson expanded to colonies of UK with great ease. Other countries had to adopt Ericsson technology and products because their parent countries were using it
Ericsson failed to set its foot in the United States because of the fierce competition from Bell Group and Automatic Electric.
Today Ericsson has established its foot in more than 200 companies; gone are the days when people used to go gaga over the handsets from Ericsson but the love for its backend telecommunication tools and support continues to grow.

Pricing in the marketing mix of Ericsson

Ericsson continues to stun the market by producing remarkable technology and technological gadgets. The enterprise continues to empower telecommunication industry for a better tomorrow. There was a time when Ericsson was ruling the market but globalisation has forced it to limit its expansion. The growth of local and veteran enterprises has forced it to cut down prices and limit expenditure.

Lately, Ericsson has started taking the Internet seriously and now it is expanding its operation over the Internet. Enterprises and local vendors from around the world are getting in touch for business alliance and partnership. The growth is continually increasing but at a limited pricing for Ericsson.

The technological breakthrough and startup culture continually force Ericsson to keep its pricing under control and lure customers.

Promotions in the marketing mix of Ericsson

Once upon a time, Ericsson was an enterprise that used to produce really smart and quality cell phones but with competitors like Samsung and Motorola taking over its market share; Ericsson decided to pivot and concentrate more on telecommunication and broadcasting business instead of manufacturing.

Ericsson used to indulge in extravagant marketing with cell phones in a market but today the marketing has been reduced to bare requirements and initials. With almost inconspicuous marketing Ericsson is targeting a different customer base; that is more saturated and into business development instead of a loud consumer base.
Promotions are a subject that depends on upon the customer base you decide to target with only broadcasting and telecommunication support services for enterprises, Ericsson is left with no customer base to target.